Office: 219 Fluor Daniel Building
Phone: (864) 656-5631
Fax: (864) 656-4435
Email: llou@clemson.edu
Postdoc/Research Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering at Florida International University, 2020-2024
Postdoc, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2020
Ph.D., Department of Environmental Toxicology at Texas Tech University, 2016-2019
M.S., Textile Materials and Textile Design from Donghua University (Shanghai), 2009 – 2013
Her research spans multiple disciplines, including Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Pharmaceutics, Biomedical Engineering, Environmental Toxicology, and Textile Engineering, reflecting a multidisciplinary approach. Her NanoBio Mechanics & Manufacturing Lab focuses on micro/nano/bio-manufacturing, 0D/1D/2D materials and mechanics, bio- and nature-inspired materials, architected and composite materials, soft and ultrasoft matter, and innovations in bioengineering.
1. A. Agarwal, N. Ambreen, L. Lihua, and P.B. Benjamin. " Hybrid Carbon Nanofibers Products and Methods of Fabrication the Same." U.S. Patent 18,181,338, issued May 12, 2025.
2. A. Agarwal, B.C. Omar, and L. Lou. “Devices and Methods for Nanofiber-based Membrane Fabrication.” U.S. Patent 12,234,575B1; issued Feb 2, 2025.
3. A. Agarwal, N. Ambreen, L. Lihua, and P.B. Benjamin. "Method for fabricating a hybrid carbon nanofiber product." U.S. Patent 11,643,756, issued May 9, 2023.
4. A. Agarwal, D. Darryl, L. Lihua, and R. Mukesh. "Systems and methods for multi-directional imaging during indentation." U.S. Patent 11,683,597, issued June 20, 2023.
5. Shen, H., Guo, W., Wang, J., An, Y. and Lou, L. Investigating heat generation and transfer in hygroscopic and exothermic textiles by 3D numerical model. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 165, p.109053 (2025).
6. Lou, L., Al-Duhni, G.S.G., Cruz, O.B., Volakis, J.L., Pulugurtha, M. and Agarwal, A. Iron Oxide Quantum Dots and Graphene Nanoplatelets Integrated in a Dual-Polymer Conductive Fiber for Electromagnetic Interference-Shielding Thin Films. ACS Applied Nano Materials (2025).
7. Lou, L., Lopez, K.O., Nair, A.B., Desueza, W. and Agarwal, A. Micro-Mechanosensory insights from Nature’s Mimosa leaves to shape memory adaptive robotics. Materials & Design, 249, p.113567 (2025).
8. Ewoldt, J.K., DePalma, S.J., Jewett, M.E., Karakan, M.Ç., Lin, Y.M., Mir Hashemian, P., Gao, X., Lou, L., McLellan, M.A., Tabares, J. and Ma, M. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte in vitro models: benchmarking progress and ongoing challenges. Nature Methods, pp.1-17 (2024).
9. Mirza, A., Hsu, C.P.D., Rodriguez, A., Alvarez, P., Lou, L., Sey, M., Agarwal, A., Ramaswamy, S. and Hutcheson, J. Computational Model for Early-Stage Aortic Valve Calcification Shows Hemodynamic Biomarkers. Bioengineering, 11, p.955 (2024).
10. Somu, D.R., Fuentes, M., Lou, L., Agarwal, A., Porter, M. and Merk, V. Revealing chemistry-structure-function relationships in shark vertebrae across length scales. Acta Biomaterialia, 189, pp.377-387 (2024).
11. Lou, L., Rubfiaro, A.S., Deng, V., He, J., Thomas, T., Roy, M., Dickerson, D. and Agarwal, A. “Harnessing 3D Printing and Electrospinning for Multiscale Hybrid Patches Mimicking the Native Myocardium,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 16, 37596-37612 (2024).
12. Paul, T., Dolmetsch, T., Lou, L. and Agarwal, A. “Frictional resistance and delamination mechanisms in 2D tungsten diselenide revealed by multi-scale scratch and in-situ observations,” Nanotechnology, 35, 395703 (2024).
13. Lou, L., Dolmetsch, T., Aguiar, B.A., Mohammed, S.M.A.K. and Agarwal, A. “Quantum Dots on a String: In Situ Observation of Branching and Reinforcement Mechanism of Electrospun Fibers,” Small, 2311073, (2024).
14. Lou, L., Bacca, N., Ma, M.S., Nautiyal, P., Bifano, T.G. and Agarwal, A. “Multiscale mechanics of polydimethylsiloxane: A comparison of meso‐and micro‐cyclic deformation behavior,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 141, e55546, (2024).
15. Agarwal, V., Nisar, A., Sukumaran, A.K., Lou, L. and Mohammed, S.M. “Synergistic Effect of Spark Plasma Sintering Driven Solid-Solution Phases on Scratch Resistance in Two-Dimensional Materials,” Lubricants, 12, 31, (2024).
16. Sesena-Rubfiaro, A., Prajapati, N.J., Lou, L., Ghimire, G., Agarwal, A. and He, J. “Improving the development of human engineered cardiac tissue by gold nanorods embedded extracellular matrix for long-term viability,” Nanoscale, 16, 2983-2992, (2024).
17. Orikasa, K., Dolmetsch, T., Lou, L., Thomas, T., Boesl, B. and Agarwal, A. “Orientation-Dependent Thermal and Mechanical Properties of 2D Boron Nitride Nanoplatelet Foams via Freeze-Drying,” ACS Applied Nano Materials, 6, 19048-19060, (2023).
18. Lou, L., Rubfiaro, A.S., He, J. and Agarwal, A. “Understanding spatiotemporal mechanical behavior, viscoelasticity, and functions of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes,” Nanoscale, 15, 10360-10370 (2023).
19. Lou, L., Paolino, L. and Agarwal, A. “Bridging the gap in Ashby’s map for soft material properties for tissue engineering,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15, 24197-24208, (2023).
20. Ma, M.S., Sundaram, S., Lou, L., Agarwal, A., Chen, C.S. and Bifano, T.G. “High throughput screening system for engineered cardiac tissues,” Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11, 1177688, (2023).
21. Nisar, A., Lou, L., Boesl, B. and Agarwal, A. “Enhanced flexibility and thermal conductivity of HfC decorated carbon nanofiber mats,” Carbon, 205, 573-582, (2023).
22. Sesena-Rubfiaro, A., Prajapati, N.J., Paolino, L., Lou, L., Cotayo, D., Pandey, P., Shaver, M., Hutcheson, J.D., Agarwal, A. and He, J. “Membrane remodeling of human-engineered cardiac tissue by chronic electric stimulation,” ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 9,1644-1655, (2023).
23. Lou, L., Rodrigues de Oliveira, N., Sahani, R., Sukumaran, A.K., John, D. and Agarwal, A. “Localized Nanoindentation Paradigm for Revealing Sutured Tissue Interface Mechanics and Integrity,” ACS Applied Bio Materials, 6, 908-918, (2023).
24. Li, H., Sundaram, S., Hu, R., Lou, L., Sanchez, F., McDonald, W., Agarwal, A., Chen, C.S. and Bifano, T.G. “Dynamic control of contractile force in engineered heart tissue.” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 70, 2237-2245, (2023).
25. Dong, D., Lou, L., Lopez, K.O., Agarwal, A. and Bhansali, S. “Revealing nanomechanical deformation at the interface and degradation in all-thin-film inorganic electrochromic devices,” Nanoscale, 15, 3438-3448, (2023).
26. Lou, L., Paul, T., Aguiar, B.A., Dolmetsch, T., Zhang, C. and Agarwal, A. “Direct Observation of Adhesion and Mechanical Behavior of a Single Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) Fiber Using an In Situ Technique for Tissue Engineering.” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 14, 42876-42886, (2022).
27. Lin, Y.M., Paolino, L., Lou, L., Herrera, A., Pierre, E., Agarwal, A. and Ramaswamy, S. “Directional dependence on concomitant pressure and volume increases during left ventricular filling.” Journal of Biomechanics, 138, 111129, (2022).
28. Lou, L., Lopez, K.O., Nautiyal, P. and Agarwal, A. “Integrated perspective of scaffold designing and multiscale mechanics in cardiac bioengineering,” Advanced NanoBiomed Research, 1, 2100075, (2021).
29. Lou, L., Rubfiaro, A.S., He, J. and Agarwal, A. “Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Spontaneously Beating Dynamics of Cardiac Tissues: An Analysis Using Digital Image Correlation,” Advanced Materials Technologies, 6, 2100669, (2021).
30. Lou, L., Osemwegie, O. and Ramkumar, S.S. “Functional nanofibers and their applications,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 59, 5439-5455, (2020).
